The purpose of this study is to learn more about the treatment of children and teenagers whose leukemia has come back (has relapsed) or has not gone away after other treatments (is refractory). Participants will receive the study drug, called carfilzomib in combination with standard chemotherapy, that are dexamethasone, daunorubicin , vincristine and PEG-asparaginase (VXLD backbone). The study consist of 4 periods: Screening Period, Treatment Period, End of Study Period, and Long-term Follow-up Period. Participants with stable disease or better response at the end of the Induction Cycle will...